Utvrđivanje fenolnih substanci kod šest različitih populacija medvjeđe lijeske (Corylus colurna L.) i usporedba fluktuacije fenola u slučaju nedostatka vode

Turkish hazel (Corylus colurna L.) is one of the naturally grown hazelnut species in Turkey. It can be easily separated from other hazel species with its thick single stem and tall appearance. It can be used in afforestation and erosion control studies due to low demand for habitat and strong root system. It contains substances with high medicinal value in its fruits and leaves. Hazel leaves have strong antioxidant activity due to their high phenolic content. Objective of the study was primarily to determine the individual phenolic constituents of six different population of Turkish Hazelnut and then to evaluate the effect of water deficiency stress generated by irrigation regime on phenolic constituents and photosystem II activity on these genotypes. Grafted plants were produced by taking scions from six different populations of Turkish Hazelnut (Oğuzlar, Erenler, Merkeşler, Seben, Güney Felakettin and Pelitcik). The study was started when the grafted seedlings were 7 years old in greenhouse. During the experiment (June and July), two different levels of irrigation were applied (W1: the soil was fully irrigated to reach field capacity in each irrigation; W2: 50% reduction of W1 irrigation water). After the application of two different irrigation regimes, leaves were collected for each month, dried, extracted with methanol and then quantitatively analyzed and compared for individual phenolic constituents (gallic acid monohydrate, caffeic acid, rutin hydrate, luteolin-7-O-β-D glucoside, kaempferol, rosmarinic acid, myricetin, quercetin, coumarin and apigenin) by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a diode array detector (DAD). Generally, rutin, kaempferol and luteolin were dominant individual phenols in methanol extracts of Turkish hazelnut leaves. Pelitcik population was noticeable source of rutin and kaempferol in June, and the halved irrigation regime significantly increased the levels of both phenols in July. Similarly, the highest total phenolic content was observed in the Pelitcik population in June and the halved irrigation regime significantly increased the total phenolic content in both months in this population. It was also determined to what extent water deficiency physiologicallyaffects the quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II activity through chlorophyll fluorescence technique in hazelnut leaves. Generally, Fv/Fm value decreased with water deficiency. This study showed that water deficiency stress generally caused an increase in phenolic constituents in Turkish Hazel leaves and they may be proper natural sources of phenolic constituents with abiotic stress applications in pharmaceutical and food industry.Medvjeđa lijeska (Corylus colurna L.) jedna je od prirodno rasprostanjenih vrsta lijeske u Turskoj. Lako se može razlikovati od drugih vrsta zahvaljujući svojoj visini i promjeru debla. Vrlo često se koristi za pošumljevanje terena sklonih eroziji zbog snažnog korijenja i skromnih ekloških zahtjeva. Njezino lišće i plodovi sadrže mnogo tvari koje se koriste u medicinske svrhe. Lišće medvjeđe ljeske ima snažno antioksidativno djelovanje zbog visokog sadržaja fenola. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi sadržaj fenola u lišću šest populacija medvjeđe lijeske te procijeniti učinak sušnoga stresa na sadržaj fenola i kvantnu učinkovitost fotosustava II. Istraživane biljke proizvedene su cijepljenjem nakon sakupljanja plemki iz šest populacija medvjeđe lijeske (Oğuzlar, Erenler, Merkeşler, Seben, Güney Felakettin i Pelitcik). Istraživanje je provedeno u stakleničkim uvjetima kad su kalemljene biljke bile stare 7 godina. Tijekom pokusa (lipanj i srpanj), primijenjena su dva različita načina navodnjavanja (W1: tlo je navodnjavano do poljskog vodnog kapaciteta; W2: tlo je navodnjavano s 50 % manje vode u odnosu na W1 način navodnjavanja). Nakon primjene dva različita režima navodnjavanja, lišće je uzorkovano u lipnju i srpnju. Nakon toga je osušeno, ekstrahirano s metanolom te kvantitativno analizirano s ciljem utvrđivanja njegova fenolnog sastava (galna kiselina monohidrat, kofeinska kiselina, rutin, hidrat, luteolin-7-O-β-D glukozid, kaempferol, rozmarinska kiselina, miricetin, kvercetin, kumarin i apigenin) uz korištenje tekuće kromatografije visoke djelotvornosti (HPLC) i detektora s nizom dioda (DAD). Rutin, kaempferol i luteolin bili su dominantni fenoli u ekstraktu metanola iz lišća medvjeđe lijeske. Populacija Pelitcik bila je značajan izvor rutina i kaempferola u lipnju, a W2 režim navodnjavanja značajno je povećao razine oba fenola u srpnju. Isto tako, najviši sadržaj fenola zabilježen je u populaciji Pelitcik u lipnju, a W2 režim navodnjavanja značajno je povećao ukupan sadržaj fenola u lipnju i srpnju. Također je utvrđeno u kojoj mjeri nedostatak vode utječe na kvantnu učinkovitost fotosustava II (Fv/Fm). Općenito, Fv/Fm vrijednosti opadaju s nedostatkom vode. Ova studija pokazala je da nedostatak vode kod medvjeđe ljeske potiče produkciju fenola te da se na taj način može osigurati prirodni izvor fenola koji se može koristiti u farmaceutskoj i prehrambenoj industriji

Biomechanical assessment of brachioradialis pronatorplasty

Objective: Transfer of the brachioradialis muscle, proposed by Ozkan et al. can be applied to cases, in which, the biceps rerouting technique is not appropriate for the correction of forearm supination contracture and restoration of active pronation. We have aimed to assess the biomechanical effects of the brachioradialis transfer

When do drivers conform? When do they deviate?

Traditional and dominant social influence strategies based on group research aim to motivate people towards compliance with the group norm for behaviours in general and in traffic in particular. Yet, deviance and dissent have the potential to motivate people towards action against group norm, as well. The deviance regulation theory (DRT) proposes that an individual might choose to deviate from the group norm to express his/her uniqueness. In addition, according to the normative conflict model, an individual might deviate because the target behaviour may serve for the group benefit. However, up to date no study has compared behaviours of different nature in terms of conformity and deviance motivations in traffic. The current study explores these motivations in the context of persuasive messages that aim to facilitate picking up hitchhikers, obeying speed limits on campus, and seat belt use, in three different samples. In the first study, we investigated the effectiveness of positive and negative message frames. These messages emphasized the attributes of people on uniqueness or group benefit who pick up or do not pick up hitchhikers with regard to the perceived group norms in a 2 (norm: picking up or not picking up a hitchhiker) by 4 (message frame: positive uniqueness, negative uniqueness, positive group benefit, negative group benefit) design among 249 participants. The results revealed that positive uniqueness frame is effective when the norm is picking up a hitchhiker, but not when the norm is not picking up a hitchhiker. In the second and third studies, we applied a 2 (norm) × 2 (uniqueness message frame: positive and negative) design for speeding on campus and seat belt use with 79 and 144 participants, respectively. The speeding study supports the DRT, as the negative frame in obeying the speed limit norm condition had a stronger effect on reducing speeding than the other conditions. Using seat belt emerged as impervious to norms and evaluation of group members, since none of the conditions differed from each other.The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) Turkish Academy of Sciences TÜBA-GEBIP suppor

Professional and non-professional drivers\u27 stress reactions and risky driving

The aim of the present study was to investigate stress reactions, speeding, number of penalties and accident involvement among different driver groups (taxi drivers, minibus drivers, heavy vehicle drivers, and non-professional drivers). A total number of 234 male drivers participated in the study. The participants were asked to complete the Driver Stress Inventory (DSI) together with a demographic information form. Five dimensions of the DSI were measured; aggression, dislike of driving, hazard monitoring, fatigue proneness, and thrill-seeking. After controlling the effects of age and annual mileage, the results of the ANCOVAs revealed differences between different driver groups in terms of both risky driving behaviours and stress reactions in traffic. Regression analyses indicated that aggression, dislike of driving, and hazard monitoring dimensions of the DSI were related to accident involvement after controlling for the effects of age, annual mileage and driver group. Dislike of driving and thrill-seeking dimensions of the DSI were related to speeding on in-city roads

Distally based subcutaneous veins for venous insufficiency of the reverse posterior interosseous artery flap

BackgroundThe reverse posterior interosseous artery flap (PIAF) provides soft, thin, and pliable tissue for upper extremity reconstruction without sacrificing any major arteries of the hand. The authors performed a new technique that included one extra distally based subcutaneous vein within the pedicle to diminish venous insufficiency and they aimed to present the results of reconstruction with this technique

A distinctive presentation of diplopodia: a Y-metatarsal combining the extra foot and the extra digit of the main foot.

Diplopodia is a rare congenital anomaly and has been described as extra digits, metatarsals, and tarsal bones that form an extra foot or foot-like structure. Various skeletal deformities and anomalies involving other organ systems can accompany diplopodia. Treatment consists of surgery, splinting, and physical therapy, planned according to each patient's specific condition. We present a patient who had diplopodia with distinctive anatomic features (with postaxial polydactyly and without any anomaly of the tibia or fibula) compared with the previously reported cases, and concomitant anomalies, including left renal agenesis and anal atresia. (C) 2013 by the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. All rights reserved

Free pre-expanded lateral circumflex femoral artery perforator flap for extensive resurfacing and reconstruction of the hand.

Resurfacing and reconstruction of extensive scars, severe contractures and deformities of the hand are still challenging cases for plastic surgeons. Treatments usually necessitate thin, pliable and broad flaps. Additionally, minimising the donor-site morbidity is an indisputable requisite. The pre-expanded perforator flap technique has been shown to provide extensive, thin and pliable skin with increased vascularity while reducing the donor-site morbidity. Utilisation of free pre-expanded lateral circumflex femoral artery perforator flap in an aesthetic and functional reconstruction of severe post-burn hand deformity is demonstrated. The successful functional and aesthetic outcome that was achieved in the early postoperative period and which still persists after 23 months of follow-up indicates that our technique could be preferably used in the extensive coverage of the hand. (c) 2013 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Does primary brachial plexus surgery alter palliative tendon transfer surgery outcomes in children with obstetric paralysis?

Background: The surgical management of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy can generally be divided into two groups; early reconstructions in which the plexus or affected nerves are addressed and late or palliative reconstructions in which the residual deformities are addressed. Tendon transfers are the mainstay of palliative surgery. Occasionally, surgeons are required to utilise already denervated and subsequently reinnervated muscles as motors. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of tendon transfers for residual shoulder dysfunction in patients who had undergone early nerve surgery to the outcomes in patients who had not

TRANSFER OF BRACHIALIS MUSCLE TO TRICEPS FOR RESTORATION OF ELBOW EXTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH OBSTETRIC PALSY SEQUELAE

Objective: Elbow extension deficit following brachial plexus injuries can sometimes be overlooked. Elbow flexion deficit is more prominent in the early stages of obstetric paralysis and is used as an indication for early nerve surgery. However, in the future extension deficits may become more numerous